Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law
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Continuous Charge Distributions: |
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There are three kinds of charge distributions:
(i) Volume charge distribution,
(ii) Area charge distribution, and
(iii) Linear charge distribution.
When a charge Q is uniformly distributed throughout a volume
V, the type of charge density is
called volume charge density given by,
If a charge Q is uniformly distributed on a surface area A,
the surface charge density σ is given as:
If an amount of charge Q is uniformly distributed along a line of length l,
then the linear charge
density λ is given as:
By using these charge distributions we can find the corresponding electric field.
The net charge of an isolated system is always constant. However, the charges can be created and destroyed in pairs of positive and negative charges only otherwise can neither be created nor be destroyed. This is called the conservation principle of charge.
If a system starts out with an equal number of positive and negative charges, nothing can be
done to create an excess of one kind of charge in that system unless we bring in charge from
outside the system or remove some charge from the system. Likewise, if something starts out with
a certain net charge of +50e, it will always have +50e
charge unless it is allowed to interact with
something external to it.
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