Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law
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Electromagnetism: a preview: |
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Electromagnetism is the concept of the electricity and magnetism
both.When electric current
is passed through a wire, a magnetic field is created around the wire.Looping the wire increases
the magnetic field. An electromagnet can be created by adding an iron core that greatly increases
the effect. However, we can create an electromagnet without using an iron core.Thus, it is realized
that both electricity and magnetismare complementary to each other while understanding the
whole process in electromagnetism.And, the electricity component comes from the activities
of electric charge.Hence, electric charge is the most important part of electricity.
The electric charge is one of the properties of matter. Most sub-atomic particles have either a
positive (+) or a negative (-) electrical charge otherwise are considered to be neutral. The most
common charged particles are the electron and proton. Atoms with an excess of electrons are
negative ions and those with missing electrons are positive ions.
There is an electrical field
existing around a charge.Two opposite charges interact through
these fields of opposite
nature.This results in an attractive force between them and a repelling force between like
charges.Thus, the like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
The electric charge on a glass rod is positive and that on the rubber is negative. Thus,
any
charged object attracted towards rubber must be positively charged and if repelled by the rubber
then the object is negatively charged.
In all the processes of electricity the charge
is conserved. Thus, the charge is transferred
from
one object to another while rubbing an object with the other. No charge is created in the
processes. The objects are charged due to gain or loss of charges.
Any amount of charge present
in an object can be expressed in terms of the amount of charge
contained in an electron. If N
number of electrons are present in the object then the amount of
charge is given by, q=Ne.
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