Molecular Properties of Gases
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The distributions of molecular speed: |
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The ideal gas equation is given by,
PV=nRT
Here, P = Pressure of the gas exerted on the walls of the container,
V = Volume of the container, n
= number of moles, R = Universal gas constant, T
= Absolute temperature. Using the expression
for pressure as given earlier the expression for temperature can be obtained as:
Thus, the average
translational kinetic energy is given as:
where k is the Boltzmann’s constant.
Now, substituting the root mean square (rms) molecular velocity, the expression for rms
molecular velocity is given by,
where m = molecular mass, M = molar mass.
If the Maxwell speed distribution function, the expression for the rms molecular velocity can be
obtained as well. From this distribution function, several characteristic molecular speeds can be
obtained. The Maxwell speed distribution function along with the expressions for different
characteristics molecular speeds are given as follows:
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