Application of Newton’s Laws

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Physics Newtonian Mechanics Application of Newton’s Laws

	Force Laws:
	There are three laws of motion given by Newton. They are as follows: (i) Any object continues to be in its state of rest or motion unless and until it is acted upon by an external force. (ii) Force is given as the product of mass and acceleration of a body i. e. F= ma (iii) Every Action has an equal and opposite reaction i.e F₂₁=-F₂₁ In addition to these laws of Newton, the forces satisfy the properties of vectors since all forces are vector quantities. Thus, addition & subtraction of forces also follow the rules of vector addition & subtraction so that the addition of two forces is also a vector and same is the case for subtraction as well. Limitations of Newton’s Laws: 1. Newton’s Laws are valid only in Inertial frames of reference. 2. Newton's Laws, deal only with objects that travel with speeds of magnitude less as compared to the speed of light. 3. Mass is treated as constant in Newton’s laws. These laws are not valid for variable mass. 4. All constant velocity reference frames must be equivalent & Newton’s laws are valid in such references .However, these laws would not be valid for the reference frames where velocity is highly variable. Tension and Normal Forces: Tension is a force and usually acts when there is a pull supplied by strings, ropes and chains. The tension force is always directed along the length of the string or rope or chain. It has properties of force and has units same as that of force. The normal force is a force which acts always in a direction perpendicular to the surfaces in contact (Please refer the figure below where n is the Normal Force)