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The energy associated with the chemical reactions is often useful. For example, the energy obtained in a fusion reaction has many uses like the production of electricity. Similarly the energy obtained in fusion reaction naturally has been radiated by sun regularly, which is the source of all other kinds of energy we experience.
Energy Transfer by Heat:
The energy transfer by heat, like work done, depends upon the initial, final and intermediate states of the system. In other words, since the heat and work done depend upon the path, neither quantity is determined solely by the end points of a thermodynamic process. For an isolated system, no energy transfer by heat takes place and the value of work done by the system is zero so that the internal energy of the system remains constant.
The heat, Q, required changing its temperature from an initial temperature, T0, to a final temperature, Tf is given by:
Removing the volume constraint and allowing the system to expand or contract at constant pressure:
For phase change, latent heat is necessary to change the state of a given substance:
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