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Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields. In a photon-particle collision (such as photon-electron collision), the total energy and total momentum are conserved. However, the number of photons may not be conserved in a collision. The photon may be absorbed or a new photon may be created. If radiation has a dual (wave-particle) nature, might not the particles of nature (the electrons, protons, etc.) also exhibit wave-like character. If radiation shows dual aspects, so should matter. De Broglie proposed that the wave length associated with a particle of momentum p is given by following relation:
where m is the mass of the particle and v its speed. The above equation is known as the de Broglie relation and the wavelength λ of the matter wave is called de Broglie wavelength. The dual aspect of matter is evident in the de Broglie relation.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
In quantum Physics, the momentum and position of particle have a probability distribution function rather than having a precise value. It means there is no state in which it has a definite momentum and definite position. In other words if you measure the momentum with hundred percent accuracy then the measurement of position will be erroneous. Mathematically;
where ∆p is uncertainty in momentum and ∆x is uncertainty in position.
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Quantum Physics